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fault gouge
Fault gouge is an unconsolidated tectonite (a rock formed by tectonic forces) with a very small grain size. Fault gouge has no cohesion, it is normally an unconsolidated rock type, unless cementation took place at a later stage. A fault gouge forms in the same way as fault breccia, the latter also having larger clasts.〔Twiss, R.J. & Moores, E.M., 2000 (6th edition): ''Structural Geology'', W.H. Freeman & co, ISBN 0-7167-2252-6; p. 55〕
Gouge filled faults can be weak planes in rock masses. If compressive stresses are enough these can cause compressive yielding or eventually rock fracture. 〔Bertuzzi, R., 2015: ''Tunnel Support Loading Mechanism'', UNSW, Sydney, Australia; p. 1〕
==Origin==
Fault gouge forms by tectonic movement along a localized zone of brittle deformation (a fault zone) in a rock. The grinding and milling that results when the two sides of the fault zone move along each other results in a material that is made of loose fragments. First a fault breccia will form, but if the grinding continues the rock becomes fault gouge.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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